@RD4Anarchy @JapanProf the possibility that you're missing is that they are granted by rough global consensus – that is, that the authority is some reasonably large subset of "all of us".
I think that, in the aftermath of WWII, when the #RefugeeConvention and the concepts of #Genocide and #WarCrimes were fully established, there was globally a very widespread understanding that we could any of us, through no fault of our own, become a #Refugee or victim of a war crime...