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#ApisMellifera

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Honey bees () preselected for Varroa sensitive hygiene discriminate between live and dead and inanimate objects | Scientific Reports
nature.com/articles/s41598-023

NatureHoney bees (Apis mellifera) preselected for Varroa sensitive hygiene discriminate between live and dead Varroa destructor and inanimate objects - Scientific ReportsVarroa destructor is one of the main causes of colony losses of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). Many efforts exist to breed honey bees resistant to V. destructor. Varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH) is a commonly selected behavioural trait; VSH workers remove the pupae of mite infested brood cells with high efficiency, interrupting the reproduction of the mite. The cues and triggers for this behaviour are not yet fully understood. To determine what elicits this removal behaviour, we examined preselected VSH workers´ responses to four different groups of objects inserted into freshly capped cells: live mites, dead mites, odour reduced mites, and glass beads. These were also compared to control cells that were opened and closed without inserting any object. The pupae in cells containing inorganic objects (glass beads) were removed at similar rates to the control, demonstrating that an object alone does not trigger a removal response. Dead and odour reduced mites were removed at a higher frequency than control cells, but less frequently than live mites. Workers sometimes removed items resting near the top of the cell without removing the pupa. Our results demonstrate that although mite odour from dead mites triggers removal behaviour, the pupa of cells containing live mites were removed more frequently, suggesting that other cues (i.e. odour from feeding wound) or signals (i.e. pupal movement to signal distress) are important. Future research should focus on elucidating these other cues or signals from the brood and mites, as mite presence alone seems to be insufficient.

Achtung !
Flügel stutzen bei der
Der Bienenkönigin die um ein Drittel zu kürzen, klingt brutal und unnatürlich.
Gesetzlichen Vorgaben der EU-Ökoverordnung - Methode für Bio- ausgeschlossen. So heißt es in der EU-Verordnung 2018/848 (1.9.6.4. ), dass für die folgende zusätzliche allgemeine Vorschriften gelten:

„Verstümmelungen wie das Beschneiden der Flügel von Weiseln sind verboten.“

„Das Flügelschneiden in eine umzudeuten wäre so, als wenn man das der Schwänze bei , oder das der Schnäbel bei Hühnern als Tierwohlmaßnahme bezeichnen würde, weil damit das Abbeißen und Federpicken verhindert würde.“
Sagt Pausch, Sprecher des Bundesfachausschusses bei Bioland.
Trotzdem ist es gang und gäbe.
Bei der zu recht umstrittenen nicht artgerechten,
Immer noch verbreitet.

Statistische Belege für die Reduzierung der Wildbienenpopulation im Botanischen Garten durch
Der Anstieg der Zahl kultivierter ( ) in vielen europäischen Städten hat durch Konkurrenzeffekte unbekannte Auswirkungen auf die .
Es fanden sich klare Belege dafür, dass eine hohe zu einer Konkurrenzsituation bei zahlreichen Blumenarten führt.
link.springer.com/article/10.1

SpringerLinkHigh honeybee abundances reduce wild bee abundances on flowers in the city of Munich - OecologiaThe increase in managed honeybees (Apis mellifera) in many European cities has unknown effects on the densities of wild bees through competition. To investigate this, we monitored honeybees and non-honeybees from 01 April to 31 July 2019 and 2020 at 29 species of plants representing diverse taxonomic and floral-functional types in a large urban garden in the city of Munich in which the same plant species were cultivated in both years. No bee hives were present in the focal garden, and all bee hives in the adjacent area were closely monitored by interviewing the relevant bee keepers in both 2019 and 2020. Honeybee numbers were similar in April of both years, but increased from May to July 2020 compared to 2019. The higher densities correlated with a significant increase in shifts from wild bee to honeybee visits in May/June/July, while visitor spectra in April 2019 and 2020 remained the same. Most of the species that experienced a shift to honeybee visits in 2020 were visited mostly or exclusively for their nectar. There were no shifts towards increased wild bee visits in any species. These results from a flower-rich garden have implications for the discussion of whether urban bee keeping might negatively impact wild bees. We found clear support that high honeybee densities result in exploitative competition at numerous types of flowers.

Researchers find unique adaptations of #fungus associated with bee bread
phys.org/news/2024-05-unique-f

An #Aspergillus flavus strain from bee bread of the Western #HoneyBee (#Apis mellifera) displays adaptations to distinctive features of the hive environment onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10

"The western honey bee, #ApisMellifera, stores large quantities of food in the form of #BeeBread... the abundant nutritional value of this food source also makes it an appealing target for #microorganisms."

Continued thread

Furthermore, Western honey bees quickly lose interest in blueberries when other types of plants are in flower (cue the Distracted Boyfriend meme). Here's a quote from Suzanne Batra: "... honey bees do not prefer blueberry flowers, and they may depart for more favored hosts, within their foraging range." #HoneyBee #ApisMellifera #IntroducedSpecies #NonNative #BeeKeeping #bees #blueberry #vaccinium #pollination #npr #entomology #bees

Batra, S.W.T. 1997. Solitary bees for Vaccinium pollination. Acta Horticulturae 446:71-76. researchgate.net/publication/3

National Public Radio aired a segment on July 3rd that implied blueberries are completely reliant on Western honey bees. That is false. Blueberries are native to North America and are pollinated quite well, thank you, by native bumble bees and solitary bees. And growers who pack their fields with hives of (non-native) Western honey bees likely contribute to the decline of these indigenous pollinators. #HoneyBee #ApisMellifera #IntroducedSpecies #NonNative #BeeKeeping #bees #blueberry #vaccinium #pollination #npr #entomology #bees

npr.org/sections/health-shots/